Changes in Population in the 14th and 15th centuries and The Black Death- GLOSSARY

Increase growth in size, strength, or quality

Decrease the amount by which a thing is lessened

Expansion the act or process of expanding. Expanding to spread out or be spread out; unfold; stretch out

Surplus an amount, quantity, etc., greater than needed

Improvement an act of improving or the state of being improved

Decline a downward movement, such as of prices or population

Buboes An inflamed swelling of a lymph node, especially in the area of the armpit or groin, that is characteristic of certain infections, such as bubonic plague.

Catastrophe An event that causes great damage and suffering.

Chronicle An account of events arranged in the order they took place.

Epidemic A major outbreak of a disease that spreads rapidly to a lot of people.

Mortality The death rate as a result of a particular cause.

Monasteries, Convents, Monks and Nuns

Monastery diagram from maggiesalgado

Monasteries in the Middle Age from guest947143

Monks and nuns in the Middle Ages from maggiesalgado

Unit 2 Feudalism- Glossary (iv)

Pope (Papa) he was a man, leader of the Church. He came from the noble group (high clergy)

Cardinal (cardenal), Archbishop (arzobispo), Bishop (obispo). These were members of the high clergy (noble origin). They advised the kings and nobles. They were part of the regular clergy.

Priest (sacerdote) he was a member of the low clergy. He had non-noble origin. He was responsible for the parish (parroquia) and his parishioners (miembros de la parroquia). He was in charge of the rituals (marriage, baptism, etc.) and the advise on spirirtual matters.

Abbot (abad) / abbess (abadesa) they were in charge of the monastery (abbot) and the convent (abbess), ruling the members of the Regular clergy. They were members of the high clergy.

Monk (monje) he was a member of the low clergy. He prayed and worshipped privately in the monastery. He shut himself from the outside world in order to get close to God.

Nun (monja) she was a member of the low clergy. She lived in a convent, paying and helping the poor and sick.

Friar (fraile) he was a member of the low clergy. Although he belonged to the regular clergy, he lived outside the monastery, travelling, working and begging (mendigando) for food. He helped the sick in their homes.

                           

Castles in times of peace

Castle to label from maggiesalgado

Unit 2 Feudalism- Glossary (iii)

Keep (fortaleza) castle
Bailey (muralla exterior) castle's outer wall
Battering ram (ariete) it is a siege engine designed to break open the masonry walls of fortifications or splinter their wooden gates

Ariete: máquina militar que se empleaba antiguamente para batir murallas, consistente en una viga larga y muy pesada, uno de cuyos extremos estaba reforzado con una pieza de hierro o bronce, labrada, por lo común, en forma de cabeza de carnero.

Masonry (mampostería, sillería)

Mangonel (catapulta)

Drawbridge (Puente levadizo)

Moat (foso) trench around a castle

Portcullis (verja levadiza) castle gate that is raised and lowered

Spiral staircase (escalera caracol)

Machicolation (matacán) it is a floor opening between the supporting corbels of a battlement, through which stones, or other objects, could be dropped on attackers at the base of a defensive wall

Corbel (ménsula) wall bracket

Bracket (soporte)

Battlement (almena) fortification

Arrow slit (apertura para flechas) it is a thin vertical aperture in a fortification through which an archer can launch arrows

Slit (fisura)

Castles

Castles in the Middle Ages from maggiesalgado

Castles: advantages and disadvantages from maggiesalgado

Nobles in the Middle Ages

Nobles in the Middle Ages from maggiesalgado

Noblewomen in the Middle Ages from maggiesalgado

Village Life

Village life from maggiesalgado