Christian Kingdoms- GLOSSARY

Cortes (Cortes) the assembly made up of members of the clergy, aristocrats and members of the bourgeoisie that helped the king to rule
Mesta (Mesta) an importnat organisation of sheep farmers that solved conflicts between its memers, among other missions
wool (lana) the material obtained from sheep; it is used to make cloth
absolute monarch (monarca/ rey absoluto) a system of government in which the king or queen has total authority over his or her kingdom and its subjects
auto de fe (auto de fe) a ritual of pubic penance by heretics condemned by the Inquisition
convert (converso) a person who changes religion
corregidor (corregidor) a representative of the king or queen with local administrative powers
heretic (hereje) a person whose religious beliefs are different from those of the Catholic Church
Inquisition (Inquisición) the religious court established by the Pope to supress heresy in Catholic countries
Morisco (morisco) Musilm living in the Christian Kingdoms who has accepted Christian baptism
religious uniformity (uniformidad religiosa) the government imposition of a single religion on the population
sanbenito (sanbenito) the clothing worn by penitent heretics convicted by the Inquisition during and auto de fe
viceroy (virrey) a person who rules a territory in the mane of the monarch
torture (tortura) the act of causing great pain, as punishment or revenge, for getting a confession or information, or just for cruelty

The Inquisition

The Inquisition from maggiesalgado

Castilla and Aragon Chart

Castilla and Aragon in the Middle Ages from maggiesalgado

El Camino de Santiago

In the 9th Century, Santiago de Compostela became one of the main destinations for Christian pilgrims. According to legend, the remains of the apostle James (Santiago in Spanish) were burried there, and a chrch was built on this site. Every year pilgrims from all over Europe came to Compostela to visit the apostle's tomb. The route taken by the pilgrims is known as the Road to Santiago (Camino de Santiago).

The Road to Santiago bacame of great importance to Castilian territories. Many businesses were started in the cities on the route to meet the travellers' needs.

It was also important in terms of cultural development. The pilgrims brought the fashions, styles and ways of thinking of other countries and, consequently, Western culture was brought to the Peninsula.

Some of the best examples of Romanesque buildings in Spain are found along the Road to Santiago.

Maps of the roads to Santiago de Compostela

The Catholic Monarchs

Catholic Monarchs from maggiesalgado

Christian Kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula

Reconquest from maggiesalgado

Romanesque and Gothic: Revision

Revision Unit 5: Romanesque and Gothic art from maggiesalgado

Romanesque and Gothic architecture

Gothic in Spain

Gothic architecture in Spain from maggiesalgado

Gothic architecture and art

Romanesque art and architecture

Romanesque and Gothic

Romanesque and Gothic from maggiesalgado

Romanesque and Gothic Architecture- GLOSSARY

aisle (pasillo de la nave) a passageway separating seating areas in a church
altar (altar) elevated structure located in the choir, where religious rites are performed
ambulatory (girola o deambulatorio) circular aisle which wraps around the apse
apse (ábside) the semicircular or polygonal termination to the choir or aisles of a church
arch (arco) curved structure over an opening
barrel vault (bóveda de cañón) it is a semicircular construction used to cover the space between two walls
buttress (contrafuerte) a mass of stone built up to support a wall, usually necessary to strenghten those of great height
capital (capitel) the crown of a column, sometimes decorated
cathedral (catedral) the principal church of an area, where the throne of the bishop is placed
chancel () Space around the altar of a church that is usually intended for the clergy
choir (coro) the area of the main altar where services are sung, located between the crossing and the apse
clerestory (clerestorio) the upper story of a church where it rises above the aisle roof. window openings, usually of stained glass, allow extra light into the interior
column (columna) a cylindrical support for roof, usually capped by a decorated capital
crossing (crucero) intersection of the nave, transepts and chancel
cross vault (bóveda de crucería)
cruciform (crucifirorme) cross shaped -Latin or Greek
dome (cúpula) hemispherical vault
flying buttress (arbotante) a buttress arched over at the top to engage with a main wall. It gives strength to the main structure
gargoyle (gárgola) a water sprout terminating in a grotesquely carved figure of a human, demon or animal, and projecting from the gutter of a cathedral
groin vault (bóveda de arista) it is the vault formed when two barrel vaults meet 
lancet arch (arco apuntado) a Gothic pointed arch usually applied to long, narrow windows
masonry (mampostería, sillería) work constructed by a mason, esp. stonework
nave (nave) the main corridor of a church or cathedral from door to apse
pillar (pilar) square support for roof
pinnacles (pináculos) a slender, pointed summit placed on top of buttesses
radial chapels (capillas radiales o absidiolos) the recesses on the sides of aisles in cathedrals
rib vault (bóveda de arista)
rose window (rosetón)
round arch (arco de medio punto) it is an arch whose round part equals the measurement of half a circumference
tower (torre)
transept (transepto) the north and south projections or 'arms' of the cross
triforium (triforio) space or passage above the nave arcade, below the clerestory, and extending over the ceiling or vaults of the side aisle
tribune or gallery (tribuna) an upper story over the aisle which opens onto the nave or choir. It corresponds in length and width to the dimensions of the aisle below it
tympanum (tímpano) a panel above a main portal, or doorway, usually heavily decorated
vault (bóveda) an arched ceiling

more vocabulary and pictures: http://www.athenapub.com/14glossary.htm

Consequences of Black Death

Was the Black Death a disaster? from maggiesalgado

The Black Death

Black Death from maggiesalgado

Images Sources Black Death from maggiesalgado

and watch from 2.28

And an excellent revison, in BBC's Bitesizes/KS3 History

Changes in Population in the 14th and 15th centuries and The Black Death- GLOSSARY

Increase growth in size, strength, or quality

Decrease the amount by which a thing is lessened

Expansion the act or process of expanding. Expanding to spread out or be spread out; unfold; stretch out

Surplus an amount, quantity, etc., greater than needed

Improvement an act of improving or the state of being improved

Decline a downward movement, such as of prices or population

Buboes An inflamed swelling of a lymph node, especially in the area of the armpit or groin, that is characteristic of certain infections, such as bubonic plague.

Catastrophe An event that causes great damage and suffering.

Chronicle An account of events arranged in the order they took place.

Epidemic A major outbreak of a disease that spreads rapidly to a lot of people.

Mortality The death rate as a result of a particular cause.

Universities

Univeristies from maggiesalgado

Crafts and Guilds

Crafts and Guilds

Population grew, and as a result there was greater demand for clothes and objects made of wood and metal. The number of craftsmen increased. There were weavers, coopers, stone masons, dyers.

Craftsmen made their products by hand. They worked in workshops, which were located in the artisan’s house. The products were sold there too.

Craftsmen of the same profession often lived in the same street.

From the 12^thC, all artisans in the same profession joined a guild. The guild controlled production, distributed raw materials, controlled the quality of the craft. Nobody could work in a trade if they did not join a guild.

Glossary

Craftsman (artesano) a person who makes a product and sells it

Apprentice (aprendiz) a boy learning a craft

Journeyman (oficial) an apprentice who has been learning the craft for 7 years

Master craftsman (maestro artesano) a craftsman who has his own shop and trains his own apprentices

Indenture or contract (contrato) an agreement between 2 people

Guild (gremio) an association of craftsman who supported each other and controlled the craft

Masterpiece (obra maestra) a test piece a journeyman makes to become a master craftsman and join the guild

Town life in the Middle Ages

Town life from maggiesalgado

Apprentices from maggiesalgado

Travelling in the Middle Ages

Travel in medieval times from maggiesalgado