Industrial Revolution: Glossary

artisan: a skilled manual worker
cash crops: crops such as cotton, grown not for food but to be sold to process
cholera: a disease carried in water supplies contaminated by sewage. It is usually fatal
colony/es: a country ruled by another country
division of labour: the division of work into specialised tasks, each performed by a different person or group
domestic system: the main system of making goods before the Industrial Revolution. People worked in their own homes
engineer: a person who plans and builds machines, roads, etc.
entrepreneur: someone who makes money from establishing a business
export: transporting and selling goods that are made in certain country (e.g. Britain) abroad
factory: a building or grop of building with facilities and machinery for the manufacture of goods
import: when goods are brought into a country (e.g. Britain) from abroad
industrial: to do with industry, i.e. how people make things, especially in factories
Industrial Revolution: the time of great change when people began to make goods in factories using machines
invested: put money into a company to make a profit
loom: machine for weaving cloth
maufacturer: a factory owner, or someone who produces goods
markets: countries or areas of countries where traders sell their goods
marling: adding lime and clay
middle class: in effect, peoplewho are not working class but earn a living, e.g. doctors, businessmen, shopkeepers
patented: registered an invention so that no one else can copy it without paying money to the inventor
pauper: a very poor person who cannot support himself/ helself
polluted: made dirty
population: the number of people in a certain place
raw materials: natural materials such as coal or cotton which have to be turned into finished goods in a factory
sewage: the waste matter which goes through a sewer
sewer: a drain to carry away refuse and human excrement
slum: a dirty, overcrowded building or area
spindle: a rod which holds the thread in spinning
textile: woven cloth